Làm thế nào để nhớ và vận dụng dạng câu tường thuật - ngữ pháp tiếng anh?

câu tường thuật - ngữ pháp tiếng anh

Định nghĩa dạng ngữ pháp tiếng anh:

Câu tường thuật (reported speech) là câu nói thuật lại ý của người A cho một người B, C, D,.... nghe.

Đối với dạng bài tập này , chúng ta phải xác định được "Ai là người nói, Ai là người Nghe". Và Tường thuật lại lời nói của người khác có tính chất đặc thù là Lùi Thì (ngoại trừ câu đã lùi thì rồi, hoặc là câu mang ý nghĩ sự thật chân lý), Chuyển đổi các NGÔI, THỜI GIAN, NƠI CHỐN.

Sau đây Anh Văn Marktran sẽ giới thiệu một phương pháp ghi nhớ và vận dụng dạng câu tường thuật "reported speech" một cách NHANH - và DỄ DÀNG nhất.

Các tính chất chuyển đổi quan trọng

 đối với dạng câu tường thuật (reported speech) trong ngữ pháp tiếng Anh ta phải chuyển đổi các yếu tố như sau:

• 1. Chuyển đổi các thì
• 2. Chuyển đổi các ngôi
• 3. Chuyển đổi thời gian
• 4. Chuyển đổi nơi chốn

Các dạng bài tập cần chuyển đổi câu tường thuật

• 1. Dạng "Câu Phát Biểu"
• 2. Dạng "Câu mệnh lệnh"
• 3. Dạng " Câu hỏi YES/NO".
• 4. Dạng "Câu hỏi Wh" 

Ví dụ thực hành bài tập chuyển đổi câu tường thuật

1.“Open the door.” he said to them.

- He told them...................................................................

2. “Where are you going?” he asked her.

- He asked her where.........................................................

3. “Which way did they go?” he asked.

- He asked... ......................................................................

4. “Bring it back if it doesn’t fit.”, I said to her.

- I told... ............................................................................

5. “Don’t try to open it now.” she said to us.

- She told... ........................................................................

6. “Is it going to be a fine day today?” I asked her.

- I asked her... ....................................................................

7. “He’s not at home.”, she said.

- She said that... .................................................................

8. “Is the bus station far away?” the girl asked.

- The girl wanted to know... ..............................................

9. “Don’t stay out late, Ann.” Tom said.

- Tom told Ann... ...............................................................

10. “Please let me borrow your car.” he said to her.

- He asked... ........................................................................

11. “Jean, have you seen my gloves?” Thomas asked.

- Thomas asked Jean........................................................

12. Don’t leave the window open, Mary.”, I said.

- I told Mary.... ...................................................................

13. “I’ll have a cup of tea with you.” she said.

- She said that...

14. “I’ll pay him if I can.” she said.

- She said that... ...................................................................

15. “What are you going to do next summer?” she asked.

- She asked us.... ...................................................................

16. “I’ll phone you tomorrow.” he told Jack.

- He told Jack that.... .............................................................

17. “Can I sit beside you, Jean?” Tom asked.

- Tom asked Jean.... ..............................................................

18. “I want a camera for my birthday.” he said.

- He said that.... ...................................................................

19. “Don’t keep the door locked.” he said to us.

- He told us.... ...................................................................

20. “How long are you going to stay?” I asked him.

- I asked him how long....

21. “Are you going by train?” she asked me.

- She wanted to know.... ..................................................

22. “Don’t use too much hot water.” she said to us.

- She asked us.... ..............................................................

23. “Will you come to my party?” she said to me.

- She invited me.... ............................................................

24. “Don’t do it again.” she said to them.

She told them..................................................................

25. “ Did Mr Brown send the potatoes to you?” she asked.

- She asked.......................................................................

26. “Don’t get your shoes dirty, boys.” she said.

- She told..........................................................................

27. “What do you want for lunch today, Peter?” Mary asked.

- Mary asked.......................................................................

28. “Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet?” asked Peter.

- Peter asked if .......................................................................

29. “Why didn’t I get a computer before?” thought the office manager.

- The office manager wondered............................................................

30. “You had better not lend him any more money, Elizabeth.’’ said John.

- John advised Elizabeth........................................................................

31. “You stole my best cassette, Amanda!” said John.

- John accused.......................................................................................

32. “ You damaged my bicycle, John!” said Mary.

- Mary accused......................................................................................

33. “When was your little boy born?” said the nurse to Mrs. Bingley.

- The nurse asked Mrs. Bingley...............................................................

34. “You should take more exercise, Mr. Robert.” the doctor said.

- The doctor advised................................................................................

35. “Will I find a job?”, Tim said to himself.

- Tim wondered.......................................................................................

36. “I’m sorry I gave you the wrong number.” said Paul to Susan.

- Paul apologized.....................................................................................

37. “When is the first day of your holiday, Peter?” Martha asked.

- Martha asked Peter when.....................................................................

38. “Can I have a new bicycle?” said Anna to her mother.

- Anna asked............................................................................................

39.. “Don’t leave the house until I get back, William.”, his mother said.

- William’s mother told..........................................................................

40. “Don’t bite your nails.” said Mrs. Rogers to her son.

- Mrs. Rogers told....... .............................................................................

41. “I’ve seen the film three times, Mary.” said George.

- George said............................................................................................

42. “I’m sorry, Angela.” said Martin, “I’m afraid I’ve damaged your car."

- Martin apologized..................................................................................

43. “Have you had enough for lunch?” the landlady asked us.

- The landlady asked................................................................................

44. “ John, please don’t tell anyone my new address.” said Mary.

- Mary asked............................................................................................

45. “Breakfast will not be served after 9. 30.” said the notice.

- The notice said that..............................................................................

46. “Where is the best place to buy souvenirs?”

- I asked..................................................................................................

47. “Don’t forget to bring your passport with you tomorrow.”

- She reminded me ................................................................................

48. “Do not write on the wall.” said the teacher to the boys.

- The teacher told the boys………………………………………..........

49. “How many jobs have you had since 2000?” the interviewer asked Mr. Simpson.

- The interviewer asked ...........................................................................

50. “Why didn’t you report the incident to the police?” the officer asked the frightened witness.

- The officer wanted to know...................................................................

Trên đây, là phần tổng hợp các dạng và một số chuyển đổi căn bản về câu tường thuật. Anh Văn Marktran hy vọng bài viết câu tường thuật (reported speech) này sẽ giúp bạn có hiểu sâu và có nhiều kiến thức hơn trong học ngữ pháp tiếng anh cấp tốc.

able - disabled - enable - ably - ability - disability

1. able 

/ˈeɪbl/ (≠ unable /ʌnˈeɪbl/) (a) Có năng lực, có khả năng

• Local farmers were able to make a decent living selling their produce.
• Humans are uniquely able to use true language.
• I was just able to make out a dark figure in the distance.
• Once you've had some sleep you'll feel better able to cope.
• She is not physically able to take care of herself.
• Unfortunately they weren't able to come.

2. disabled 

/dɪsˈeɪbld/ (adj)  vô hiệu hóa, mất khả năng

• physically/mentally disabled
• a new home for severely disabled people
• He was born disabled.
• The museum has special facilities for disabled people.
• Does the theatre have disabled access?

3. enable 

/ɪˈneɪbl/ (v) Làm cho có thể

• His desire to enable all students to achieve their musical potential.
• The app enables you to create your own designs and share them with friends.
• The price cut would enable the government to reduce power bills.

4. ably

 /ˈeɪbli/ (adv) Một cách có tài

• We were ably assisted by a team of volunteers.

5. Ability  

(≠ inability) (n) Năng lực, khả năng

• I seem to have lost my ability to attract clients.
• He has this innate ability to see beyond the range of most people.
• The system has the ability to run more than one program at the same time.
• Everyone has the right to good medical care regardless of their ability to pay.

6. disability  

/ˌdɪsəˈbɪləti/ (n)  sự bất lực, sự bất tài, sự không có khả năng

• Many children with mild disabilities are integrated in general education.
• No one knows what causes learning disabilities.
• The programme offers support to people living with disability.
• Up to 20 per cent have a learning disability.
• children who have severe developmental disabilities
• lectures for students with hearing disabilities
• those with a visible or a hidden disability
• He has a permanent disability which prevents him from working as a labourer.
• She works in a school for children with learning disabilities.

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